Neural integration underlying a time - compensated sun compass in the migratory monarch butterfly Supplementary Material
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چکیده
This function resembles a potential, such that any point on the potential (particular choice of !!and !) will evolve to the minimum point. The function is nonnegative and thus has a minimum at 0, when !! = !!. Showing that the balanced state !!" is a unique fixed point, in the interval !! ∈ (135,315) for each !! ∈ ! [0,12], is equivalent to showing that the function ! vanishes on ! = !!" and positive for ! ≠ !!":
منابع مشابه
Neural Integration Underlying a Time-Compensated Sun Compass in the Migratory Monarch Butterfly.
Migrating eastern North American monarch butterflies use a time-compensated sun compass to adjust their flight to the southwest direction. Although the antennal genetic circadian clock and the azimuth of the sun are instrumental for proper function of the compass, it is unclear how these signals are represented on a neuronal level and how they are integrated to produce flight control. To addres...
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Each fall, eastern North American monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus) use a time-compensated sun compass to migrate to their overwintering grounds in central Mexico. The sun compass mechanism involves the neural integration of skylight cues with timing information from circadian clocks to maintain a constant heading. The neuronal substrates for the necessary interactions between compass neur...
متن کاملSensory basis of lepidopteran migration: focus on the monarch butterfly.
In response to seasonal habitats, migratory lepidopterans, exemplified by the monarch butterfly, have evolved migration to deal with dynamic conditions. During migration, monarchs use orientation mechanisms, exploiting a time-compensated sun compass and a light-sensitive inclination magnetic compass to facilitate fall migration south. The sun compass is bidirectional with overwintering coldness...
متن کاملThe ancestral circadian clock of monarch butterflies: role in time-compensated sun compass orientation.
The circadian clock has a vital role in monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) migration by providing the timing component of time-compensated sun compass orientation, which contributes to navigation to the overwintering grounds. The location of circadian clock cells in monarch brain has been identified in the dorsolateral protocerebrum (pars lateralis); these cells express PERIOD, TIMELESS, and ...
متن کاملAntennal circadian clocks coordinate sun compass orientation in migratory monarch butterflies.
During their fall migration, Eastern North American monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus) use a time-compensated Sun compass to aid navigation to their overwintering grounds in central Mexico. It has been assumed that the circadian clock that provides time compensation resides in the brain, although this assumption has never been examined directly. Here, we show that the antennae are necessary...
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تاریخ انتشار 2016